第四课 Orang Inggeris (Englishman or woman)

原作者:哈森添加时间:2008-02-02 原文发表:2008-02-02 人气:37

Lesson 4 Orang Inggeris (Englishman or woman)

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A second reading (by Muhammad Nor Ismat, a native speaker)

Dia orang Inggeris.
Saya orang Malaysia**.
Anda orang Peranciskah?
Mereka orang Sepanyol.
Suaminya orang Jepun.

He/She is English.
I am Malaysian.
Are you French?
They are Spanish.
Her husband is Japanese. .

Vocabulary
orang Inggeris = English
orang Malaysia = Malaysian
orang Perancis = French
orang Sepanyol = Spanish
suaminya = Her husband
orang Jepun = Japanese

For those who want to know more:
1. As you have seen earlier the pronoun dia (third person singular) can refer to a woman as well as a man. Thus:
Dia orang Amerika. = He/She is American.
Dia orang Jerman. = He/She is German.
Dia orang Belanda. = He/She is Dutch.
Dia orang Rusia. = He/She is Russian.
Note that the pronunciation and spelling of Russia is changed to conform with Malay pronunciation (roo-si-ah) and spelling (only one S).
Dia orang Singapura. = He/She is Singaporean.
Dia orang Thai. = He/She is Thai.
Dia orang Mesir. = He/She is Egyptian.
Dia orang Israel. (pronounced in 3 syllables i.e. Is-ra-el) = He/She is Israelite.
A more common word for this is orang Yahudi (Jew).
A word to describe a person's race is bangsa eg. Dia bangsa Cina. = He (or She) is Chinese or Dia bangsa Melayu. = He (or She) is Malay.
2. Note how a question can easily be formed from a statement by adding the question tag kah at the end. Thus:
Anda orang Perancis. (= You are French.)
Anda orang Peranciskah? (= Are you French?)
Do note however that you do not really need to add the suffix kah to turn the statement into a question. As in most languages, a rising tone on the last syllable of the statement is sufficient to turn it into a question. Thus Anda orang Perancis? (= Are you French?)
3. Note also that in this type of sentences the verb "to be" is not needed in Malay.
4. The word for a foreigner is orang asing but you might often hear people talking about orang putih (literally: white person) or mat salih. They are referring to Caucasians (as opposed to Asians). Note that Caucasian is used here to mean one of the main ethnic divisions of the human race or what is loosely called the white race.
5. You should find the word Inggeris very easy to remember as it is the Malay spelling for "English" (ok, I agree with you, it is not an exact phonetic reproduction as the final "sh" sound becomes "s"). This is because in the Malay language the "sh" sound must always be followed by a vowel eg. syarat or mesyuarat. More of this in Lesson 49.
6. Saudi Arabia in Malay is Arab Saudi.

Recapitulation
After studying lessons 2 and 4 you would have noticed that names of languages always start with the word bahasa and nationalities with the word orang or rakyat (see note below). The same principle applies to the names of countries. These start with the word negara or negeri . The following table will help you understand better. And if you don't find your country here the chances are the name of the country is retained as it is and used with the appropriate word eg. if you are from Sweden you are orang Sweden or rakyat Sweden, your language is bahasa Sweden and your country is negara Sweden or negeri Sweden. The spelling though is sometimes changed to be in line with the Malay sound thus Canada becomes Kanada, America becomes Amerika and German becomes Jerman.
The word bangsa is also sometimes used to describe a person's nationality though it is best to keep it to describe his race eg. a Malaysian can be Malay (bangsa Melayu), Indian (bangsa India) or Chinese (bangsa Cina) but they are all rakyat Malaysia.
NOTE: If you want to stress that you are a citizen of your country just replace orang with rakyat.
Under the column Name of country you can easily replace negara with negeri. Anyway, don't worry. They're quite interchangeable - more so for a foreigner.

Country/Language/People
Malaysia/Malaysian/Malaysian
France/French/French
Spain/Spanish/Spanish or Spaniard
Holland/Dutch/Dutch
Germany/German/German
Russia/Russian/Russian
China/Chinese/Chinese
England/English/English
America/English/American
Italy/Italian/Italian
Japan/Japanese/Japanese
the Philippines/Filipino/Filipino
Thailand/Thai/Thai Portugal/Portuguese/Portuguese Name of country
negara Malaysia
negara Perancis
negara Sepanyol
negara Belanda
negara Jerman
negara Rusia
negara China*
negara England
negara Amerika
negara Itali
negara Jepun
negara Filipina
negara Thai
negara Portugal Its language
bahasa Malaysia
bahasa Perancis
bahasa Sepanyol
bahasa Belanda
bahasa Jerman
bahasa Rusia
bahasa Cina
bahasa Inggeris
bahasa Inggeris
bahasa Itali
bahasa Jepun
bahasa Filipina
bahasa Thai
bahasa Portugis Its people
orang Malaysia (rakyat Malaysia)
orang Perancis (rakyat Perancis)
orang Sepanyol (rakyat Sepanyol)
orang Belanda (rakyat Belanda)
orang Jerman (rakyat Jerman)
orang Rusia (rakyat Rusia)
orang Cina (rakyat Cina)
orang Inggeris (rakyat Inggeris)
orang Amerika (rakyat Amerika)
orang Itali (rakyat Itali)
orang Jepun (rakyat Jepun)
orang Filipina (rakyat Filipina)
orang Thai (rakyat Thai)
orang Portugis (rakyat Portugis)

Note that as negeri is also used for each of the states in Malaysia eg. negeri Pinang (Penang) or negeri Kedah perhaps it is better to stick to negara Malaysia for the country.
*In the case of China the name of the country retains its original spelling but the language and the people are spelt according to Malay spelling rules. Note that this ruling is not always observed and the country is often spelt as Cina too.
**The final syllable of the word Malaysia is pronounced variously as "siah", "seer" and sometimes "sheer". The first two pronunciations are the most common.

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• 第三课 Ini......(This is.....)

• 第二课 Bahasa (language)

• 第一课 Nama (name)

• 第5课 Numbers (1-9)

• 第六课 Berapa (How many)

• 第七课 (Days of the Week）

• 第八课 Numbers (10-99)

• 第九课 telling the time

• 马来语学习Lesson 12 Warna (Colour)